Why is It So Hard to Make Adult Friendships?

This article was written for Lineage Counseling (lineagecounseling.com), a private therapy practice in New Hope, MN.

Here in Minnesota, land of lakes, prairies, MaltoMeal, and Post It Notes, we pride ourselves in our understated neighborliness. We are a down to earth, mostly friendly sort. When I first moved here 45 years ago, it was something that I noticed right away: the “Minnesota Nice” attitude, a kind of quiet, calm sense of community. Yet, at the same time, I also noticed that it didn’t always extend much farther than that. That old joke, that Minnesotans will gladly stop and give you directions to anywhere but their own home, seemed all too true.

Even with the new community created by my seminary classes, it was hard to get traction in creating new friendships. Many of my new acquaintances had lived in the area all their lives, had friendships they had maintained since high school or college, and still had most of their family here. Nearly everyone around me seemed content with the relationships they already had. Out of the classroom I often felt like a social afterthought.

Perhaps you have had a similar experience moving to a new community or trying to make some new friends as an adult. The folks who study social trends in culture have been reporting that as our social habits have changed over the last half century, we have become a much lonelier and disconnected people. What at one time consumed our free time as well as placed us in regular, in-person contact with diverse neighbors – groups like bowling leagues, youth sports, church activities, art, music, and local civic groups – have all had less participation as we spend more and more of our free time at home. Working hard and commuting farther, we spend very little time talking with people we don’t know well. Leisure looks increasingly like individual video entertainment on our screens, whether they are large televisions, 15” laptops, or our even smaller cellphones.

In a recent large cross-cultural study, large numbers of us report that we have no close friends. The numbers vary across genders, age, educational level, and population density, but up to 25% of Americans report that they are socially isolated and feel chronically lonely. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy sponsored a 2023 report called “Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation,” an important document containing results from studies across the country, available on the web. It’s worth a read.

As socially connected beings, when we don’t get the amount of positive social interactions we need or prefer, we’re subject to mood problems like anxiety, sadness, anger, and self-harm. We become physically susceptible to higher blood pressure, infectious diseases, and a shortened life span. In search of an answer to our invisible despair, we may even be enticed by the extreme rhetoric of political leaders, disturbing visions of prophets and preachers, or the worldview of violent hate groups that offer a clear enemy, self-righteous purpose, and tight community.

The core message in all this social science is that we are a culture that has become increasingly isolated from one another, with the effects visible everywhere: from the aging grandmother unvisited in a nursing home to the angry middle-aged man sitting at this home computer fueling his grievances. It’s a systemic issue, and we can’t rewind the clock on how our free-time choices have changed with technology, variable work schedules, or an urbanized culture. So, if loneliness is this large an issue, what’s a person to do? How do we make and sustain friendships at a time when social structure doesn’t do much to support us?

Without the relationship opportunities that different social customs gave people generations before, it’s up to us individually to foster our own emotional habits to create and sustain adult friendships. Here are 10 of the most important ideas to consider if you’d like to increase the number of people you call friends.

1. If you assumed a therapist would first tell you to think about your own unique circumstances, you are right. Such an important gap in your emotional life is worth some serious reflection. Ask yourself some questions: Who are my friends? Do I have enough? To whom do I feel most close? How did you make this friend? How focused are you on maintaining the time and energy needed to keep the relationship positive and honest? Are there friendships that you once valued that seem to have soured? Can you identify the circumstances of that change? How much energy and time are you willing to spend to increase your friendship circle? How open or interested are you in people who are younger or older than you are?

This kind of inner reflection can help you know what you already understand about your personal circumstances and how interested you are in making change.

2. Because so many friendships begin with people coming together in new circumstances (think: the new freshman class; the start of a new soccer season) the primary way you can help yourself as an adult to get open to new friendships is to seek out and put yourself into new positive social settings.   
3. Keep it local. By keeping these group connections closer to home, we are more likely to have multiple points of connections with people already in play, like your favorite restaurant or your children’s school. Additionally, you are more able and more likely to re-connect with new people if it is easier to get together.
4. Look for groups of people that meet regularly over time. Is there a hobby you do alone that might be fun to share in person? A running club, a puzzle group, a choir that has a regular schedule and is open to new people? Over time, shared experiences and common ground can lead to great conversations and invitations to gather in some different way.
5. Show up in person. While many of us have created real friendships while online with gaming or other interest groups, real-time, real-life interactions with people more fully satisfy our social and emotional needs. Without the technology barriers, we more fully feel and read one another’s faces, body language, energies, and attitudes. Having more of this emotional data helps us better evaluate one another’s mood and interests and develop personal connection.
6. Grow your tolerance for feeling awkward as you navigate a new social situation. This is some of the hardest inner work for creating adult friendships. It takes some confidence and courage to step into a group of people you don’t know. In a situation where everyone is new, everyone feels as awkward as you. But when entering a well-established group, you will want to bring your best version of a warm, open attitude. (And no, alcohol is not a great substitute for social courage. Invariably, you underestimate how impaired you are, and overestimate your charm. Save the drinks for time with established friends and a safe ride home.)
7. Develop your natural interest in others. What does that look like, socially? It is demonstrated by two core communication skills: asking interested questions about the other person’s life and perspective; and actually listening to their answers. It’s quite a special experience when someone asks you about your life and listens to you without argument or interruption. Many of us never have that as a regular experience. People are attracted to others who make them feel positive and calm.
8. Don’t expect everyone to be a best friend. We need all kinds of friendships that support us: social friends, work or sport friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. The neighbor who you occasionally help shovel snow or get their mail? The classmate from college who you talk to every once and awhile to catch up? Your sibling, the one who you see every holiday, but who has shared so much of their growing up with you? All of them form a rich emotional system. And we do the same for them. They all matter.
9. Stop keeping score. While the most intimate relationships, including our best friendships, need to feel mutual and balanced in effort and vulnerability to remain close, if we want to have friends, we will need to create more opportunities for us to get together with others. Are you the one who more often is asking to get together for lunch, to see a ball game, to take a trip or grab a beer? Do you feel that you are the one who is always having people over? The more you generate opportunities to gather with others, the less lonely your life will feel. And the more you model hospitality to others.
10. Express yourself. The key human ingredient to feeling known and cared for is being real, honest, and vulnerable with those we care about. Let your friends know they are important to you. Be honest about your life and struggles and listen as others share hard things with you. Celebrate and grieve together. Stay flexible with your expectations and be open to change. Find things to share and laugh together. Sharing this human experience is what friendships are all about.

When it comes to our social and mental health, the key is to never stop making social connections. Not only do our individual lives improve, the more we have friendly connections beyond our doorsteps, the healthier and more resilient are our social and political lives. And even here, in friendly Minnesota, we can better learn to be curious about people we don’t already know well. And perhaps, on occasion, even to give them directions to our homes.

© 2024 Lynne Silva-Breen, MDiv, MA, LMFT